Partial Lunar Eclipse August 2017

World is enlivened with a total solar eclipse that will occur in the United States on 21 August 2017. It's in America, but in Indonesia there are other events that are not less interesting that partial lunar eclipse. The astronomical event will occur 7-8 August 2017.

Partial lunar eclipses occur when the earth moves between the moon and the sun but not exactly straight in a line. When a partial eclipse occurs, a small part of the moon's surface is covered by the darkest part of the earth's core shadow or the so-called umbra. The remainder of the moon's surface is covered by the outer shadow of the earth or the so-called penumbra.

Launch Time and Date, partial lunar eclipses will occur when two astronomical events occur simultaneously. The event will occur when the moon is in full or full moon. When the earth moves between the moon and the sun but not exactly straight in one line occurs simultaneously.

However, not every full-moon partial eclipse can happen. This happens because the moon moves around the earth with a slope of orbit about 5 degrees to the Earth's orbit and the sun (ecliptic). Because of the moon's orbital tilt, not every new moon phase and full moon, the moon is exactly parallel to the earth and the sun.

Eclipses can only happen near the node point. The natural phenomenon occurs when a full moon occurs near a node, and a solar eclipse occurs when a new moon occurs near a node.

Information of Partial Lunar Eclipse August 2017

Source: eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2017Aug07P.pdf

The partial lunar eclipse from 7-8 August 2017 will take place at 22:50 UTC+7 on August 7, 2017 (shown above with P1) as the Moon begins to enter the Earth's penumbral shadow. Then, a small portion of the Moon's face begins to enter the Earth umbra shadow from 00:22 UTC+7 (U1) to 02:18 UTC+7 (U4), its own peak will occur at 01:20 pm (Greatest), ie August 8, 2017.

The lunar eclipse will then end entirely when the Moon leaves the Earth penumbra shadow at 3:50 UTC+7 (P4). That way, the duration of this lunar eclipse reaches 1 hour 55 minutes with the maximum percentage of the peak of the eclipse is 24% disk tergerhanai Moon.

This partial moon eclipse event is quite safe to see with the naked eye with no tools like a binoculars or a telescope. Unlike solar eclipses that require special filtered glasses to protect our eyes from the dangers of the Sun's glare.

This partial lunar eclipse is included in the Saros 119 series and is the 62nd eclipse of a total of 83 eclipses in the series. In this case, the next Saros 119 or 63rd eclipse of the series will occur in about 18 years, precisely on 20 August 2035, which unfortunately is not visible from most parts of Indonesia.

But for partial partial eclipse 7-8 August 2017, Indonesia became one of the best locations to observe it. For those of you who happen to be out of Indonesia during a partial lunar eclipse later, do not worry, this eclipse can also be seen in most of Africa, most of Europe, all of Asia, Australia and Oceania countries.

Information of Partial Lunar Eclipse August 2017

Source: eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/LEplot/LEplot2001/LE2017Aug07P.pdf

Learning Astrophotography Techniques at Night

Astrophotography is a branch of astronomy that specializes in the field of photography. 

Astrophotography can also be known as a photography technique to photograph the state of the sky, be it morning, noon, afternoon or evening. 

The state of the sky is always changing every time. If we want to photograph an object in the sky, then we must know in advance how the character of the state of the sky. 

For the night, if we want to photograph the moon with a very bright light like at full moon it is necessary to set low ISO, low shutter speed and also low diaphragm. Make ISO 100, shutter speed about 1/60, and diaphragm (f) 3.5 - 5.

This is different if the month being photographed is a new moon, or commonly known as crescent. Very thin moonlight requires light absorption by a sizable camera. Set ISO 200, shutter speed 5 "- 10", and diaphragm (f) 3.5.

Good luck!

Binoculars

Binoculars are a device that enters the telescope class which means an astronomical device used to magnify the object from a distance, increases the angular size and brightness of the object, but the function of the telescope is actually more in use, not just for the observation of the stars alone , But also used for purposes such as military and shipping. Binoculars of this type is also commonly called "Teropong Medan" (in Indonesia), there are also commonly called "Kiyker". With binoculars objects can be observed stereoscopic (three dimensional)

Binoculars come from the Latin, "bi" meaning two, and "oculus" meaning the eye. As the name implies, this tool has 2 visions / tubes that adjust the amount of our eyes. In it, this binocular has a prism that is used to "fold" the cross-light line so as to produce a shadow in the right direction. With this binocular, the observed objects will be real and will not be reversed.

How binocular lenses work?

Lens Composition

1. Binocular with Erecting Lenses

(Visualization Erecting Lens) 

Source: en.wikipedia.org

This type of binocular can produce zoomed-in / zoom-out as desired, without having to replace eyepiece first. The arrangement for these lenses is Objectif Lens - Erectic Lens - Prism - Eyepiece / Oculer Lens. Erecting Lens position can be shifted, the further position of Erectic Lens from Objectif Lens then the visualization of the observed objects the greater, and vice versa
.
2. Porro Prism Binocular

(Porro Prism Visualization) 

Source: en.wikipedia.org

This type of binoculars has 2 prisms that serve to invert the shadow, the first prism after the objective lens serves to invert the shadow vertically, and the second lens serves to invert the image horizontally. The order is: Objectif Lens - Double Porro Prism - Eyepiece / Oculer Lens.

(Binocular with Porro Prism) 

Source: en.wikipedia.org

This Porro prism produces perfect reflection and refinement. One form of this prism is a 45 ° angled angle, this bracket is used as a double reflector. This prism reverses only one direction using two prisms enforced with each other can be held two-way reversal.

C. Roof Prism Binocular

(Roof Prism Visualization) 

Source: en.wikipedia.org

This type of binoculars has only one prism, and its properties directly invert the shadow horizontally and vertically so that the resulting image is real. This type of binocular physically has a straight appearance because it uses Roof-Prism type prism. The order is: Objective Lens - Roof Prism - Eyepiece / Oculer Lens

(Binocular with Roof Prism) 

Source: en.wikipedia.org

Focuser Position

1. Independent Focus,
Each binocular tube has its own focus regulator. So in the focusing phase just by adjusting the focuser of each binocular tube.

(Binocular with Independent Focus) 

Source: thebinocularshop.com

2. Central focus
Two tubes have only one focuser, but this type of binoculars in one tube usually have a special focuser, this special focuser is required for anisometropic patients

(Binocular with Central Focus) 

Source: 365astronomy.com

Types of Objective Lenses

The outer surface of this objective lens is a protective layer which is usually called a coating. The function of this coating is various, such as anti-reflection, ultra violet filter, light transmition and others. Among the common coatings used in some binoculars are:

1. Red Coating (Ultra Violet Filter)
The red color is dominated for protection in maximum lighting conditions. Binoculars with red coating colors are very well used for daylight in bright light conditions, because they can reduce almost 1/3 light, especially UV light, eg in the desert or hotspot field areas.

2. Blue Coating (Anti Reflection)
The blue color in binocular coating is the most we encounter, blue is the basic coating type, because the standardization of the lens usually must have anti-reflection for each blink of the eye, or reflex light when aiming the target does not make the head become dizzy. Binocular with blue coating is very well used for various conditions, both day and night.

3. Green Coating (Light Transmition)
The green color in the binocular lens is usually a light transmition type of amber stone that is able to drain light on all parts of the image of the captured object lens. Coating type of light transmition is suitable for use in low lighting conditions, eg at dusk or in a dimly lit (not dark without light) so it looks brighter.

4. Multi Coating (Multi Filter)
Not infrequently there are also several other colors, in addition to green, red and blue, such as purple, orange, and others, the color is the result of a combination of multiple coatings combined to benefit from multiple filters.

Types of Mounting

Until now there are no telescope manufacturers that make a special mounting binocular based on semi-automatic (motoric) and automatic (robotic). There is only binocular based hand claps and manual mounting. If you want to use binoculars with automatic mounting or commonly known robotic mounting, can be combined with mounting binoculars with a little modification.

(Modification Celestron Nextar Mount with Orion BT70 Binocular)

Source: id.pinterest.com

Calculation Analysis of Crescent Height Muh. Manshur Al-Batawi in The Book of Sullam Nayyirain

The book of Sulam Nayyirain has an important role in astronomy, its presence being the beginning of the emergence of astronomy science in Indonesia in 1925. The classification of hisab hakīkī bi at-taqrībī for the early month of hisab system in the book does not make it ignored and not studied for students of astronomy , Until now this book still has a "place" for students of astronomy. The al-Manshuriyah group with the calendar of Sulam Nayyirain system is the real proof to the existence of the Nayyirain Embroidery in Indonesia.

KH. Muhammad Manshur al-Battawi is one of the prominent figures in Indonesia of the famous Makkah-Madinah alumni in the thought of astronomy is as it is known that Sulam Nayyirain is one of his fundamental works (Khazin, 2005: 24).

Muhammad Manshur al-Batawi who is a prominent figure as a true teacher by Betawi people both in the religious sciences, especially in astronomy. Noted there are 19 works that have been produced, including: Sulam Nayyirain, Chulashātul Jadwāl, Kaifiyatul Amāl Ijtimā', Khusūf Wal Kusūf, Mizānul I "tidāl, Washilātut Thullāb, Jadwālu Dawāirul Falākiyah, Majmū" u Arba "Rasāil fi Masāilil Hilāl, Jadwāl Farāid, Al-lu "lū Ulmankhum Fi Khulāsoh Mabāhist Sittah Ulmmm, and many other works which essentially deal with the science of astronomy and pharaids (Manshur, 2008: 6).

Guru Manshur (nickname) in his application often uses the Sulam Nayyirain in the early stages of Ramadan, Shawwal and Zulhijah, even to this day the famous al-Manshuriyah calendar whose reckoning uses the reckoning system of Sulam Nayyirain.

Various cases of early determination of the hilal (crescent) in Indonesia, the results of reckoning Sulam Nayyirain often produce higher predictions of hilāl larger than other reckoning systems that are often different, both with the reckoning belonging to the system of hakikī bi at-tahkīkī and contemporary. An example is in the determination of 1 Syawal 1428 H (2007 M). Sulam Nayyirain gives high predictions hilāl = 03 degrees 37 minutes 'and age of hilāl = 14 minutes 28 seconds for Indonesia. This result differs considerably from the calculations of hisab hakīkī bi at-tahkīkī and contemporary.

Guru Manshur in Sulay Nayyirain did not specify the attitude of the hilāl's high criterion which is the minimum limit to be seen visually. He only expounded various scholars' opinions on the high criteria of hilāl, and also mentioned the judge's attitude to be taken when addressing the testimony of a person who claimed to have seen hilāl (Manshur, tt .: 12).

Guru Manshur also mentions in his book that scholars' differing opinions on Hilāl's high criteria without mentioning who the 'ulama' are perusing each of these criteria. He merely deduced that in his opinion Hilāl can be seen as a very relative and conditional boundary. The advice of Guru Manshur in the book of Sulam Nayyirain which he said is about the judge's attitude as a continuation of the criteria of the scholars' mentioned earlier. In this case referring to the government.

Guru Manshur asserted that the judge in determining and drawing the conclusions of the results of rukyah must be on a careful and conscientious attitude. This is due to the difficulty of hilāl to dirukyah and avoid the results of the results of rukyah which indicates errors in merukyah or there lie element of his testimony.
Based on Guru Mansur's thoughts above it can be concluded that in the early determinations of Master Mansur not focusing on rukyatul hilāl, he from the beginning was committed to the concept of ijtimā' qabla al-ghurūb mentioned earlier as the argument on the turn of the hijri month based on hisab in Sulam Nayyirain.
Guru Manshur's statement in his treatise stating that the early adoption system of the hijri month in the book of Sulam Nayyirain was guided by ijtimā'. This is because if ijtimā' occurs when the Sun before it sets then, after the Sun sets is entering the new moon and vice versa, if ijtimā' occurs after the ghurūb is fixed after the Sunset does not enter the new moon (Manshur, tt .: 12).

This opinion is aligned and supported by Hilali's high reckoning system that exists in the book of Sulam Nayyirain. This is due to the Hilāl Sulam Nayyirain's altitude formula = (ghurūb - ijtimā') / 2 or x 30'

The argument of this formula is that on the basis of the Moon leaving the Sun to the east at 12 degrees every day of the night (twenty-four hours) from here it certainly does not seem to be taken into account the daily motion of the Moon and the Sun (Izzuddin 1997: 66).

Hisab crescent height of Sulam Nayyirain based on research resulted that the results of calculations according to the author's statement of the book, that if ijtima' happened qabla al-ghurūb then Hilāl certainly crescent on the horizon. On the contrary, if ijtima' occurs ba'da al-ghurūb hilāl Hilāl can be ascertained by reckoning Sulam Nayyirain, crescent is still under the horizon.

This is because in the recitation of Sulam Nayyirain the time from ijtima' to ghurub divided by 2 or multiplied by 30 minutes with the argument of daily movement of the Moon against Earth of 12 degrees. The simplicity of this reckoning value results in the prediction of Sulam Nayyirain higher than the high-prediction data of modern hilāl astromony, such as Ephemeris.