Coordinate is a number used to denote a point or a value. Have you ever heard of the term Cartesian Coordinates? A coordinate indicated by the x-axis and the y-axis. With this cartesian coordinate we can see that the area above the x-axis is positive, and the area below the x-axis is negative. While the area to the right of the y-axis is positive and the area to the left of the y-axis is negative.
The spherical coordinate system is also like cartesian coordinates, but the plane in cartesian coordinates is replaced by the spherical. The x-axis in the coordinate of the globe that is the equator (the line that divides the earth into two parts, north and south), and the y-axis in the form of Greenwich line (line connecting the two poles, the north pole and the south pole. This line are in Greenwich London Britaria Kingdom).
Spherical coordinates of the earth consists of two elements namely latitude and longitude. Latitude is an arc or line parallel to the center line of the earth / equator line. The value of the latitude is calculated from the equator line as the 0 point, the positive value for the north and the negative for the south.
Longitude is an arc or line connecting two poles. The value of longitude is calculated from Greenwich as 0 point, the east area of Greenwich is positive and the west area of Greenwich is negative.
Latitude is denoted by phi (φ), the value of latitude ranges from 0 degrees to +90 degrees and 0 degrees to -90 degrees. Longitude is represented by lambda (λ). The values of longitude range from 0 degrees to +179.99 degrees and 0 degrees to -179.99 degrees. For longitude 180 can be positive and negative.
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